Maternal age risk factor on fetal prenatal diagnosis
Keywords:
Chromosome aberrations, fetal aneuploidy, Chromosome analysis, cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis, chromosomal risk factors.Abstract
Introduction: Advanced maternal age has been acknowledged as a risk factor for fetal aneuploidies. Among other factors the following are described: ultrasonography findings, family records for chromosomal aberrations and a previously affected child.
Objective: To estimate the frequency of fetal chromosomal abnormalities according to advanced maternal age and others risk factors.
Methods: A descriptive transversal study was performed using 1817 karyotypes from prenatal analysis in amniotic fluids in the period 2017-2018 in the National Medical Genetics Center from Cuba.
Results: Frequency of fetal chromosomal abnormalities was 3.19%. Trisomy 21 and 47,XXY syndrome were more frequent in advanced maternal age pregnant women but not for trisomies 13, 18, 47,XYY, 47,XXX, 45,X syndrome or structural chromosome anomalies.Advanced maternal age factor associated with positive ultrasound, and ultrasound findings solely reached a chromosomal aberration index of 4,23% and 4,22%;and advanced maternal age and advanced paternal age separately 3.30% y 3.33% each one.
Conclusions: Fetal chromosome abnormalities frequency was similar in mothers below and above 35-year-old age. Advanced maternal age pregnant women showed an increased risk for trisomy 21 and 47,XXY syndrome. An increased risk for trisomies 13, 18, 47,XYY, 47,XXX, 45,X syndrome or structural chromosome anomalies was not confirmed. A positive ultrasound in combination with advanced maternal age and positive ultrasound solely were the main factors for fetal chromosomal risk. The predictive value of advanced maternal age solely was confirmed to be the main third index in fetal aneuploidies in cytogenetic prenatal diagnosis.
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